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EXPERIMENT
Experiment
Contents of lectures

Particle and nuclear physics

Following a survey of recent high energy experiments and lectures on fundamental knowledge, specialists talked about some topics on the forefront of experiments and theory.

contents
  • Study of elementary particles with computers
  • A survey of J-PARC project
  • Synchrotrons and beam colliding accelerators
  • Supersymmetry
  • LHC-ATLAS experiments
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High energy lepton reactions

Following lectures on the fundamentals of electron-positron collision experiments, we read some representative papers on collision experiments by turns.

contents
  • Fundamentals of particle physics (such as Lorentz transformation)
  • Fundamentals of detectors
  • Fundamentals of QEDe+ e- µ+ µ- , and then
  • TOPAZ experiment: measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry ine+ e-→µ+ µ-
  • TOPAZ experiment: measurement of the
  • BELLE experiment: B → J/ψ KCP violation in decay processes
  • ALEPH experiment: We read the literature on the search for the Higgs particle by turns. In each lecture participants were given homework to be submitted in next lecture.
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Hadron spectroscopy

Through reading the following lecture note by turns, we learned various cases of CP violation. We reached thorough understanding by doing calculations ourselves as well as reading it.

contents
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Principles of particle measurement

We surveyed the principles of measuring devices through reading the following textbooks by turns.

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System designs of measuring devices

Through reading the following original papers we reviewed the historical experiments crucial for the development of particle physics in the view of designs of experimental devices.

contents
  1. discovery of omega minus particle with a bubble chamber
    "Observation of a Hyperon with Strangeness Minus Three"
  2. CP violation in decay processes
    "Evidence for the 2 π decay of the K0_2 meson"
  3. ALEPH experiment: We read the literature on the search for the Higgs particle by turns. In each lecture participants were given homework to be submitted in next lecture.
    "Observation of High-Energy Neutrino Reactions and the Existence of Two Kinds of Neutrinos"
  4. discovery of J / ψ particle (fixed target experiment)
    "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J"
  5. discovery of tau particle
    "Evidence for Anomalous Lepton Production in e+e- Annihilation"
  6. discovery of oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos
    "Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos"

In addition to the above, lectures on the setup of devices in experiments ongoing in foreign countries (FNAL-CDF, CERN-NA48) were given by researchers working on them.

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Particle detectors

contents
  • The aim of the next generation of high energy colliding experiments with accelerators is to reconstruct the final states in terms of constituent particles, and investigate various particle reactions as if we see Feynman diagrams of elementary processes.
    This is achieved by using measuring devices such as vertex detectors, trajectory detectors, and calorimeters. We deepened our understanding of their mechanism and ways to reconstruct particle reactions by integrating information from them, especially Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) through practical training with a measuring device simulator based on Geant 4.
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Survey of circuits for particle measurement I

Lectures on principles of radiation detectors and electronics (signal processing, transistors and circuits) were given.

contents
  1. mechanism of radiation detectors
  2. signal processing
    * idea and working of front end electronics
    * idea and working of back end electronics
  3. transistors
    * mechanism of bipolar transistors and its quantification
    * mechanism of CMOS transistors and its quantification
  4. circuits as functional blocks
    * constructing technique
    * construction of LSI, hybrid IC and boards
    * operational amplifiers and related devices
    * analog-digital mixed circuits

In addition to the above, special seminars on the following experiments were given, especially focusing on application of photomultipliers.

  • SuperKamiokande experiment
  • ICE CUBE neutrino experiment
  • The present and the future of cosmic ray shower observation
  • C2GT neutrino experiment
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Survey of circuits for particle measurement II

Lectures on designs of analog integrated circuits were given

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Statistical data processing

Lectures on the methods of statistical processing of experimental data and their examples were given.

Part of these lectures was given in English by Louis Lyons (Oxford), who stayed in KEK as a visiting professor.

contents
  • "Practical Statistics Lectures for Physicists"
    This course emphasises practical aspects of using Statistics to deriveresults from experimental data in an efficient manner. Many examples areused to illustrate the ideas. The first couple of lectures should beunderstandable by students with little experience of Statistics, and willprobably be too elementary for post-docs and faculty. The later ones may beof interest to other members of the Institute as well.There will be plenty of opportunity for discussion.
    Problem sets will be distributed.
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